Glutarimides for medical treatment

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides selected glutarimides which bind to the ubiquitously expressed E3 ligase protein cereblon (CRBN) and alter the substrate specificity of the CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, resulting in breakdown of intrinsic downstream proteins. The disclosed compounds are useful for the treatment of cancer.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP2018/073578, filed Sep. 3, 2018, which claims the benefit of priority to European Patent Application No. 17189231.8, filed Sep. 4, 2017. The entirety of these applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides compounds which bind to the ubiquitously expressed E3 ligase protein cereblon (CRBN) and alter the substrate specificity of the CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, resulting in breakdown of intrinsic downstream proteins. Present compounds are thus useful for the treatment of cancer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The field of targeted protein degradation promoted by small molecules has been intensively studied over the last years¹.

Protein degradation plays a role in various cellular functions, i.e. the concentrations of regulatory proteins are adjusted through degradation into small peptides to maintain health and productivity of the cells.

Cereblon is a protein that forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which ubiquinates various other proteins. Cereblon is known as primary target for anticancer thalidomide analogs. A higher expression of cereblon has been linked to the efficiency of thalidomide analogs in cancer therapy.

In recent years, a few bifunctional compounds have been described as useful modulators of targeted ubiquitination, e.g. WO2013020557², WO2013063560³, WO 2013106643⁴, WO2015160845⁵, WO2016011906⁶, WO2016105518⁷, WO2017007612⁸, WO2017024318⁹ and WO2017117473¹⁰.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,558,057¹¹, CN1696127¹², Buckner et al.¹³, Huang et al¹⁴, Xu et al.¹⁵, Hendry et al¹⁶, WO2008007979¹⁷, CAS No. 1491860-78-6¹⁸, CAS No. 1480842-08-7¹⁹, CAS No. 1466257-08-820, CAS No. 1465134-13-7²¹, CAS No. 1462991-23-6²², WO2017197051²³, CAS No. 1487722-61-1²⁴, CAS No. 1925250-20-9²⁵, CAS No. 1512181-14-4²⁶, CAS No. 1466882-97-2²⁷, CAS No. 1468435-76-8²⁸, CAS No. 1467495-41-5²⁹, CAS No. 1480018-59-4³⁰, CAS No. 1496032-76-8³¹, CAS No. 1993422-50-6³², CAS No. 1869440-20-9³³, CAS No. 1495663-98-3³⁴, CAS No. 1491860-78-6³⁵, CAS No. 1485498-58-5³⁶, CAS No. 1702002-20-7³⁷, CAS No. 1490092-27³⁸, CAS No. 1540138-47-3³⁹, CAS No. 1998850-87-5⁴⁰, CAS No. 1966549-05-2⁴¹, CAS No. 1957941-94-4⁴², CAS No. 1948185-02-1⁴³, CAS No. 1925097-89-7⁴⁴, CAS No. 1922676-64-9⁴⁵, CAS No. 1923778-80-6⁴⁶, CAS No. 1560748-55-1⁴⁷, CAS No. 1559709-03-3⁴⁸, CAS No. 1543949-70-7⁴⁹, CAS No. 1541076-23-6⁵⁰, CAS No. 1522124-94-2⁵¹, CAS No. 1519516-43-8⁵², CAS No. 1492524-17-0⁵³, CAS No. 1491481-66-3⁵⁴, CAS No. 1486311-15-2⁵⁵, CAS No. 1467658-22-5⁵⁶, CAS No. 1462942-69-3⁵⁷, CAS No. 1464846-46-5⁵⁸, and CAS No. 1466763-16-5⁵⁹ describe certain structurally similar compounds.

However, there is still an ongoing need for effective treatment of cancers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides glutarimides of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein the substituents and variables are as described below and in the claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present compounds are useful for the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of cancer.

The compounds of present invention can further be used as part of bifunctional compounds that comprise the compounds of present invention as E3 Ubiquitin Ligase moiety that is linked to a moiety that binds to a target protein where the target protein is proximate to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation of said protein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a compound of formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, the preparation of the above mentioned compounds, medicaments containing them and their manufacture as well as the use of the above mentioned compounds in the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of cancer.

The following definitions of the general terms used in the present description apply irrespectively of whether the terms in question appear alone or in combination with other groups.

Unless otherwise stated, the following terms used in this application, including the specification and claims, have the definitions given below. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

The term “C₁₋₆-alkyl”, alone or in combination with other groups, stands for a hydrocarbon radical which may be linear or branched, with single or multiple branching, wherein the alkyl group in general comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), propyl, isopropyl (i-propyl), n-butyl, i-butyl (isobutyl), 2-butyl (sec-butyl), t-butyl (tert-butyl), isopentyl, 2-ethyl-propyl (2-methyl-propyl), 1,2-dimethyl-propyl and the like. A specific group is methyl.

The term “halogen-C₁₋₆-alkyl”, alone or in combination with other groups, refers to C₁₋₆-alkyl as defined herein, which is substituted by one or multiple halogen, particularly 1-5 halogen, more particularly 1-3 halogen. Particular halogen is fluoro. Particular “halogen-C₁₋₆-alkyl” is fluoro-C₁₋₆-alkyl and a particular “halogen-C₁₋₃-alkyl” is fluoro-C₁₋₃-alkyl. Examples are trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl and the like.

The term “hydroxy-C₁₋₆-alkyl”, alone or in combination with other groups, refers to C₁₋₆-alkyl as defined herein, which is substituted by one or multiple hydroxy, particularly by 1 hydroxy. Examples are —CH₂OH, —CH₂CH₂OH and the like.

The term “hydroxy”, alone or in combination with other groups, refers to OH.

The term “halogen”, alone or in combination with other groups, denotes chloro (Cl), iodo (I), fluoro (F) and bromo (Br). A specific group is F.

The term “heteroaryl” denotes a monovalent heterocyclic mono- or bicyclic ring system of 5 to 12 ring atoms, comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, the remaining ring atoms being carbon and in which at least one ring is aromatic. Examples of heteroaryl moieties include pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, azepinyl, diazepinyl, isoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, isothiazolyl, benzothienyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzooxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, dihydroquinolyl, dihydropyrrolopyridinyl, dihydronaphthyridinyl, chromanyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydrocyclopentapyridinyl quinazolinyl, or quinoxalinyl.

The term “heterocycloalkyl” denotes a monovalent saturated or partly unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring system of 4 to 9 ring atoms, comprising 1, 2, or 3 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, the remaining ring atoms being carbon. Examples for monocyclic saturated heterocycloalkyl are azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydro-thienyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl, azepanyl, diazepanyl, homopiperazinyl, or oxazepanyl. Examples for bicyclic saturated heterocycloalkyl are 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, quinuclidinyl, 8-oxa-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, 9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, 3-oxa-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, or 3-thia-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl. Examples for partly unsaturated heterocycloalkyl are dihydrofuryl, imidazolinyl, dihydro-oxazolyl, tetrahydro-pyridinyl, or dihydropyranyl.

The term “C₁₋₆-alkoxy”, alone or in combination with other groups, stands for an —O—C₁₋₆-alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, with single or multiple branching, wherein the alkyl group in general comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methoxy (OMe, MeO), ethoxy (OEt), propoxy, isopropoxy (i-propoxy), n-butoxy, i-butoxy (iso-butoxy), 2-butoxy (sec-butoxy), t-butoxy (tert-butoxy), isopentyloxy (i-pentyloxy) and the like. Particular “C₁₋₆-alkoxy” are groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A specific group is methoxy.

The term “aryl” denotes a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic mono- or bicyclic ring system comprising 6 to 10 carbon ring atoms and in which at least one ring is aromatic. Examples of aryl moieties include phenyl (Ph), indanyl, tetralinyl and naphthyl. Specific “aryl” is phenyl.

Terms like “a-b-x substituted by R” means that the “x” portion of the moiety is substituted by R.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” denotes an attribute of a material which is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable and is acceptable for veterinary as well as human pharmaceutical use.

The term “a pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt that is suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and animals. Examples of suitable salts with inorganic and organic acids are, but are not limited to acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, hydrochloric acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, methane-sulfonic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid, succinic acid, sulfuric acid (sulphuric acid), tartaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like. Particular acids are formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid. Specific acids are hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid and fumaric acid.

The terms “pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substance” refer to carriers and auxiliary substances such as diluents or excipients that are compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation.

The term “pharmaceutical composition” encompasses a product comprising specified ingredients in pre-determined amounts or proportions, as well as any product that results, directly or indirectly, from combining specified ingredients in specified amounts. Particularly it encompasses a product comprising one or more active ingredients, and an optional carrier comprising inert ingredients, as well as any product that results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients.

“Therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a compound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease state, is sufficient to effect such treatment for the disease state. The “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, disease state being treated, the severity or the disease treated, the age and relative health of the subject, the route and form of administration, the judgment of the attending medical or veterinary practitioner, and other factors.

The term “as defined herein” and “as described herein” when referring to a variable incorporates by reference the broad definition of the variable as well as particularly, more particularly and most particularly definitions, if any.

The terms “treating”, “contacting” and “reacting” when referring to a chemical reaction means adding or mixing two or more reagents under appropriate conditions to produce the indicated and/or the desired product. It should be appreciated that the reaction which produces the indicated and/or the desired product may not necessarily result directly from the combination of two reagents which were initially added, i.e., there may be one or more intermediates which are produced in the mixture which ultimately leads to the formation of the indicated and/or the desired product.

The term “aromatic” denotes the conventional idea of aromaticity as defined in the literature, in particular in IUPAC—Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2^(nd) Edition, A. D. McNaught & A. Wilkinson (Eds). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” denotes any ingredient having no therapeutic activity and being non-toxic such as disintegrators, binders, fillers, solvents, buffers, tonicity agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants or lubricants used in formulating pharmaceutical products.

Whenever a chiral carbon is present in a chemical structure, it is intended that all stereoisomers associated with that chiral carbon are encompassed by the structure as pure stereoisomers as well as mixtures thereof.

The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, methods of using, and methods of preparing the aforementioned compounds.

All separate embodiments may be combined.

-   -   E1 One embodiment of the invention provides a compound of         formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

-   -   wherein     -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of         -   i) aryl, optionally substituted by one or more R³,         -   ii) heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted by one or more             R⁴         -   iii) cycloalkyl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁵,             and         -   iv) heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁶,     -   R² is H, C₁₋₆alkyl or —NC(═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   R³ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   R⁴ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   R⁵ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   R⁶ is H, C₁₋₆alkyl, —C(═O)O—C₁₋₆alkyl or oxo,     -   n is 0 or 1;     -   for use as therapeutically active substance.     -   E2 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the compound         of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for         use as therapeutically active substance, wherein R1 is a         carbocycle.     -   E3 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the compound         of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for         use as therapeutically active substance, wherein R1 is a         heterocycle.     -   E4 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the compound         of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,         wherein     -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of         -   i) aryl, optionally substituted by one or more R³,         -   ii) heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted by one or more             R⁴,         -   iii) cycloalkyl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁵,             and         -   iv) heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁶,     -   R² is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   R³ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   R⁴ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   R⁵ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   R⁶ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,     -   n is 0 or 1;     -   for use as therapeutically active substance.     -   E5 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the compound         of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,         wherein R³ is selected from the group consisting of         -   i) H,         -   ii) —C(═O)C₁₋₆alkyl         -   iii) —C(═O)—N(R⁷,R⁸),         -   iv) —C(═O)OC₁₋₆alkyl,         -   v) —C₁₋₆alkoxy,         -   vi) —C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   vii) —C₁₋₆alkyl-N(R⁹)—C(═O)—R¹⁰,         -   viii) -halogen,         -   ix) -halogen-C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   x) -hydroxy-C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   xi) —N(R⁷,R⁸), and         -   xii) —NH—C(═O)C₁₋₆alkyl,

wherein R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently selected from H and C₁₋₆alkyl.

-   -   E6 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the compound         of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,         wherein R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of         -   i) H,         -   ii) —C(═O)C₁₋₆alkyl         -   iii) —C(═O)—N(R⁷,R⁸),         -   iv) —C(═O)OC₁₋₆alkyl,         -   v) —C₁₋₆alkoxy,         -   vi) —C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   vii) —C₁₋₆alkyl-N(R⁹)—C(═O)—R¹⁰,         -   viii) -halogen,         -   ix) -halogen-C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   x) -hydroxy-C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   xi) —N(R⁷,R), and         -   xii) —NH—C(═O)C₁₋₆alkyl,

wherein R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently selected from H and C₁₋₆alkyl.

-   -   E7 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the compound         of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,         wherein R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of         -   i) H,         -   ii) —C(═O)C₁₋₆alkyl         -   iii) —C(═O)—N(R⁷,R⁸),         -   iv) —C(═O)OC₁₋₆alkyl,         -   v) —C₁₋₆alkoxy,         -   vi) —C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   vii) —C₁₋₆alkyl-N(R⁹)—C(═O)—R¹⁰,         -   viii) -halogen,         -   ix) -halogen-C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   x) -hydroxy-C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   xi) —N(R⁷,R), and         -   xii) —NH—C(═O)C₁₋₆alkyl,

wherein R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently selected from H and C₁₋₆alkyl.

-   -   E8 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the compound         of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,         wherein R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of         -   i) H,         -   ii) —C(═O)C₁₋₆alkyl         -   iii) —C(═O)—N(R⁷,R⁸),         -   iv) —C(═O)OC₁₋₆alkyl,         -   v) —C₁₋₆alkoxy,         -   vi) —C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   vii) —C₁₋₆alkyl-N(R⁹)—C(═O)—R¹⁰,         -   viii) -halogen,         -   ix) -halogen-C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   x) -hydroxy-C₁₋₆alkyl,         -   xi) —N(R⁷,R⁸), and         -   xii) —NH—C(═O)C₁₋₆alkyl,

wherein R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently selected from H and C₁₋₆alkyl.

-   -   E9 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the compound         of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for         use as therapeutically active substance, selected from the group         consisting of

-   (−)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (+)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (1R)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide,

-   (1S)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide,

-   (N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-1     (2H)-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide,

-   N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide,

-   N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-methyl-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-2-propyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzothiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)cyclopentanecarboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide, isomer A,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide, isomer B,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indoline-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-2-phenyl-acetamide, and

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide.     -   E10 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

-   -   i) aryl, optionally substituted by one or more R³,     -   ii) heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁴,     -   iii) cycloalkyl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁵, and     -   iv) heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁶,

R² is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

R³ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

R⁴ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

R⁵ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

R⁶ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

n is 0 or 1;

with the proviso that (1R,2R)-rel-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2-ethyl-cyclopropanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-ethyl-cyclopropanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-methyl-cyclopentanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-cycloheptanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-cyclopropaneacetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-cyclopentaneacetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2-methyl-benzeneacetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-cyclobutanecarboxamide, 4-butyl-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-cyclohexanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-3,4-dimethyl-benzamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-cyclooctanecarboxamide, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-benzamide, 2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-cyclohexaneacetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2,5-dimethyl-benzamide, (3S)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2-methyl-4-piperidinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2-ethyltetrahydro-3-furancarboxamide, (3R,4R)-rel-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-methyl-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)tetrahydro-3-methyl-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-methyl-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-2-methyl-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-acetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-quinolinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-3-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-3-azetidineacetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-3-azetidinecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)tetrahydro-3-furancarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)tetrahydro-3-thiophenecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-carboxamide, N-[(3 S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl]-4-methyl-benzamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-methyl-benzeneacetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-methyl-benzamide, (S)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-naphthaleneacetamide, N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl]-benzamide, N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl]-benzeneacetamide, N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl]-benzeneacetamide, N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-2-phenyl-acetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-methyl-indole-3-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)cyclopentanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzothiophene-3-carboxamide, (1R)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide, (1S)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide, N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide and N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide are excluded.

-   -   E11 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof,

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

-   -   i) heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁴,     -   ii) cycloalkyl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁵, and     -   iii) heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more R⁶,

R² is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

R³ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

R⁴ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

R⁵ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

R⁶ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl,

n is 0 or 1;

with the proviso that N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-2-phenyl-acetamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-methyl-indole-3-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)cyclopentanecarboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide, N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzothiophene-3-carboxamide, (1R)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide, (1S)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide, N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide and N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide are excluded.

-   -   E12 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein R1 is a carbocycle.     -   E13 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein R1 is a heterocycle.     -   E14 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein

n is 0,

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

i) heterocycloalkyl,

ii) cycloalkyl, and

iii) heteroaryl.

R² is H or C₁₋₆alkyl.

-   -   E15 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

i) heterocycloalkyl,

ii) cycloalkyl, and

iii) heteroaryl.

-   -   E16 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of

i) 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl,

ii) 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl,

iii) 1H-indolyl,

iv) 1-Me-indolyl,

v) 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl,

vi) 3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridinyl,

vii) 3,4-dihydroquinolinyl,

viii) 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinyl,

ix) benzo[b]thiophenyl,

x) benzofuranyl,

xi) benzothiophenyl,

xii) chromanyl,

xiii) cyclopentyl,

xiv) indanyl,

xv) indolinyl,

xvi) isoindolinyl, and

xvii) tetralinyl.

-   -   E17 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein R² is H.     -   E18 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein R⁶ is C₁₋₆alkyl.     -   E19 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein R⁶ is Me or propyl.     -   E20 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, selected from the group consisting of

-   (S)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (−)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (+)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (4R)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-2-phenyl-acetamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-2-propyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide, isomer A,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide, isomer B,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-methyl-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indoline-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)cyclopentanecarboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzothiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   (1R)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide,

-   (1S)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide,

-   methyl     (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxylate,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indolizine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indolizine-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (S)-2-(4-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (R)-2-(4-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (R)-2-(3-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (S)-2-(3-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)acetamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)acetamide,

-   tert-butyl     (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate,

-   N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide,

-   N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide,

-   (N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide,

-   N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-1     (2H)-carboxamide, and

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-1(2H)-carboxamide.     -   E21 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, selected from the group consisting of

-   (S)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (−)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (+)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (4R)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-2-phenyl-acetamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-2-propyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide, isomer A,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide, isomer B,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-methyl-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indoline-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)cyclopentanecarboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzothiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   (1R)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide,

-   (1S)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide,

-   methyl     (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxylate,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indolizine-3-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indolizine-3-carboxamide,

-   N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (S)-2-(4-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (R)-2-(4-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (R)-2-(3-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (S)-2-(3-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)acetamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)acetamide,

-   tert-butyl     (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate,

-   N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide,

-   N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide,

-   (N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide,

-   N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-1(2H)-carboxamide,     and

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-1(2H)-carboxamide.     -   E22 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, selected from the group consisting of

-   (−)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (+)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide,

-   (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-1     (2H)-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide,

-   (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide,

-   N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide,

-   N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide,

-   N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide,

-   N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide,

-   3-amino-N-methyl-4-[(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)amino]benzamide,

-   N-methyl-2-[2-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)-4-quinolyl]-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   N-methyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)-2-(4-quinolyl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   2-ethyl-N-methyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   N,2-dimethyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   5-[2-(4-quinolyl)benzimidazol-1-yl]-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

-   5-[2-[2-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)-4-quinolyl]benzimidazol-1-yl]-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,

-   methyl     3-amino-4-[(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)amino]benzoate,

-   N-methyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)-2-phenyl-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   N-methyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)-2-(4-pyridyl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   N-methyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   N-methyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)-2-propyl-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-N-methyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   2-isopropyl-N-methyl-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   1-(1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-benzimidazol-5-yl)-N-methyl-2-[2-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)-4-quinolyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   N,N-dimethyl-2-[2-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)-4-quinolyl]-1-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-5-yl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,

-   2-(3-methoxybenzyl)-N-methyl-2′-oxo-2′,3′-dihydro-1′H-[1,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole]-5-carboxamide,     and

-   2-isopropyl-N-methyl-2′-oxo-2′,3′-dihydro-1′H-[1,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole]-6-carboxamide.     -   E23 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, having a chemical structure comprising:

P-L-C

wherein

L is a linker group;

C is a compound of formula I according to any one of the embodiments,

-   -   wherein L is chemically linked to C; and

P is a protein target moiety that binds to a target protein or a target polypeptide,

-   -   wherein L is chemically linked to P.     -   E24 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula P-L-C, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of:     -   i) —NHCH₂—(CH₂)₁₋₃₀—CH₂NH—, and     -   ii) —NH—(CH₂CH₂O)₁₋₂₅—CH₂CH₂—NH—.     -   E25 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula P-L-C, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein L is selected from the group consisting of:     -   i) —NHCH₂—(CH₂)₁₋₁₀—CH₂NH—, and     -   ii) —NH—(CH₂CH₂O)₁₋₅—CH₂CH₂—NH—.     -   E26 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula P-L-C, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, wherein P is a BRD4 inhibitor, in particular wherein P         is

-   -   E27 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula P-L-C, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts         thereof, selected from the group consisting of

-   (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide,

-   (4R)-1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamid,     and

-   (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide.     -   E28 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I as described herein, or a pharmaceutically         acceptable salt thereof, for use as therapeutically active         substance.     -   E29 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I as described herein, or a pharmaceutically         acceptable salt thereof, for the use in the therapeutic and/or         prophylactic treatment of cancer.     -   E30 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of formula I as described herein, or a pharmaceutically         acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for         the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of cancer.     -   E31 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to a         pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of formula I         as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt         thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substance.     -   E32 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to a method         for the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of cancer, by         administering the compound of formula I as described herein, or         a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient.     -   E33 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of P-L-C as described herein, or a pharmaceutically         acceptable salt thereof, for use as therapeutically active         substance.     -   E34 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of P-L-C as described herein, or a pharmaceutically         acceptable salt thereof, for the use in the therapeutic and/or         prophylactic treatment of cancer.     -   E35 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to the         compound of P-L-C as described herein, or a pharmaceutically         acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for         the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of cancer.     -   E36 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to a         pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of P-L-C as         described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,         and a pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substance, in         particular an inert carrier.     -   E37 A certain embodiment of the invention relates to a method         for the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of cancer, by         administering the compound of P-L-C as described herein, or a         pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient.

Furthermore, the invention includes all optical isomers, i.e. diastereoisomers, diastereomeric mixtures, racemic mixtures, all their corresponding enantiomers and/or tautomers as well as their solvates of the compounds of formula I.

The compounds of formula I or formula P-L-C may contain one or more asymmetric centers and can therefore occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures and individual diastereomers. Additional asymmetric centers may be present depending upon the nature of the various substituents on the molecule. Each such asymmetric center will independently produce two optical isomers and it is intended that all of the possible optical isomers and diastereomers in mixtures and as pure or partially purified compounds are included within this invention. The present invention is meant to encompass all such isomeric forms of these compounds. The independent syntheses of these diastereomers or their chromatographic separations may be achieved as known in the art by appropriate modification of the methodology disclosed herein. Their absolute stereochemistry may be determined by the x-ray crystallography of crystalline products or crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing an asymmetric center of known absolute configuration. If desired, racemic mixtures of the compounds may be separated so that the individual enantiomers are isolated. The separation can be carried out by methods well known in the art, such as the coupling of a racemic mixture of compounds to an enantiomerically pure compound to form a diastereomeric mixture, followed by separation of the individual diastereomers by standard methods, such as fractional crystallization or chromatography.

In the embodiments, where optically pure enantiomers are provided, optically pure enantiomer means that the compound contains >90% of the desired isomer by weight, particularly >95% of the desired isomer by weight, or more particularly >99% of the desired isomer by weight, said weight percent based upon the total weight of the isomer(s) of the compound. Chirally pure or chirally enriched compounds may be prepared by chirally selective synthesis or by separation of enantiomers. The separation of enantiomers may be carried out on the final product or alternatively on a suitable intermediate.

The compounds of formula I or formula P-L-C may be prepared in accordance with the schemes described in the examples. The starting material is commercially available or may be prepared in accordance with known methods.

The preparation of compounds of formula I or formula P-L-C is further described in more detail in the schemes below.

The substituents and n are as described herein.

Step A:

Amide bond formation can be accomplished by a coupling reaction between a carboxylic acid 2 and a suitable amino-imide 1 in the presence of a coupling reagent such as DCC, EDC, TBTU or HATU in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane or ethereal solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxane, THF, DME or TBME or polar non-protic organic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature or at elevated temperatures for 2-18 hours.

Examples of suitable amino-imides 1 include, but are not limited to, 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰, (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶¹, (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶², (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶³, (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴, or 3-(methylamino)piperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁵.

Preferred conditions are HATU with N,N-diisopropylethylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature for 18 hours.

In cases where a racemic mixture of amino-imide 1 is coupled to an achiral carboxylic acid 2, the coupling reaction affords amide 3 as a racemic mixture which may be separated into its constituent enantiomers using chiral HPLC. In cases where the carboxylic acid 2 contains one or more stereogenic centres, the coupling reaction affords amide 3 as a mixture of diastereomers which may be separated using chiral HPLC.

Step A:

Urea formation can be accomplished by a coupling reaction between a suitable amino-imide 1, triphosgene 4, and a primary or secondary amine 6. The reaction is carried out in a stepwise manner, involving initial reaction of amino-imide 1 and one equivalent of triphosgene 4 to afford intermediate trichloroacetamide 5 which is then reacted in situ with a primary or secondary amine 6 to afford urea 7. The reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane or ethereal solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxane, THF, DME or TBME.

Preferred conditions are triethylamine in 1,2-dichoroethane. The first step to form intermediate 5 is preferably carried out at a temperature between 0° C. and room temperature for 1-2 hours, and the second step to form urea 7 is preferably carried out at room temperature for 18 hours.

Examples of suitable amino-imides 1 include, but are not limited to, 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰, (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶¹, (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶², (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶³, (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴, or 3-(methylamino)piperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁵.

In cases where a racemic mixture of amino-imide 1 is coupled to an achiral amine 6, the coupling reaction affords urea 7 as a racemic mixture which may be separated into its constituent enantiomers using chiral HPLC. In cases where the amine 6 contains one or more stereogenic centres, the coupling reaction affords urea 7 as a mixture of diastereomers which may be separated using chiral HPLC.

Step A:

Urea formation can also be accomplished by a coupling reaction between a suitable amino-imide 1, 1,1′-carbonyl-di-(1H-imidazole) 4, and a primary or secondary amine 6. The reaction is carried out in a stepwise manner, involving initial reaction of amino-imide 1 and 1,1′-carbonyl-di-(1H-imidazole) 4 to afford intermediate imidazole-1-carboxamide 9 which is then reacted in situ with a primary or secondary amine 6 to afford urea 7. The reaction is carried out in polar aprotic organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or N,N-dimethylformamide, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide. The first step to form intermediate 9 is preferably carried out at room temperature for 1-2 hours, and the second step to form urea 7 is preferably carried out at 80° C. for 3 hours.

Examples of suitable amino-imides 1 include, but are not limited to, 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰, (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶¹, (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶², (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶³, (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴, or 3-(methylamino)piperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁵.

In cases where a racemic mixture of amino-imide 1 is coupled to an achiral amine 6, the coupling reaction affords urea 7 as a racemic mixture which may be separated into its constituent enantiomers using chiral HPLC. In cases where the amine 6 contains one or more stereogenic centres, the coupling reaction affords urea 7 as a mixture of diastereomers which may be separated using chiral HPLC.

As an illustrative example, degrader compounds targeting the BET bromodomain BRD4 can be prepared based on the known BRD4 ligand JQ1⁶⁶ (Filippakopoulos⁶⁷). The synthesis employs the corresponding carboxylic acid derivative 15⁶⁸.

Step A:

Amide bond formation can be accomplished by a coupling reaction between amine 10 and a linker-containing compound 11 bearing a terminal carboxylic acid functionality and a terminal BOC-protected amine functionality. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent such as DCC, EDC, TBTU or HATU in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane or ethereal solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxane, THF, DME or TBME or polar non-protic organic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature or at elevated temperatures for 2-18 hours.

Preferred conditions are HATU with N,N-diisopropylethylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature for 18 hours.

Alternatively, amide bond formation can be accomplished by a coupling reaction between amine 10 and an acyl chloride compound 12 which has been preformed in situ from a linker-containing compound 11 bearing a terminal carboxylic acid functionality and a terminal BOC-protected amine functionality. The acyl chloride compound 12 can be prepared in situ from the corresponding carboxylic acid 11 by treatment with 1-chloro-N,N,2-trimethylpropenylamine⁶⁹ in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane at a temperature between 0° C. and room temperature, according to the method of Ghosez and co-workers⁷⁰. Amide bond formation can then be accomplished by reaction of the acyl chloride compound 12 with amine 10 in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane. Preferred conditions are dichoromethane at room temperature for 2 hours.

Step B:

Removal of the Boc N-protecting group of 13 can be effected with mineral acids such as HCl, H₂SO₄ or H₃PO₄ or organic acids such as CF₃COOH, CHCl₂COOH, HOAc or p-toluenesulfonic acid in solvents such as CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, THF, EtOAc, Dioxane, MeOH, EtOH or H₂O at 0 to refluc temperature.

Preferred conditions are 4 M aq. HCl in dioxane and dichoromethane at room temperature for 2 hours.

Step C:

Amide bond formation can be accomplished by a coupling reaction between carboxylic acid 15 and amine 14 in the presence of a coupling reagent such as DCC, EDC, TBTU or HATU in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane or ethereal solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxane, THF, DME or TBME or polar non-protic organic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature or at elevated temperatures for 2-18 hours.

Preferred conditions are HATU with N,N-diisopropylethylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature for 2 hours.

Isolation and Purification of the Compounds

Isolation and purification of the compounds and intermediates described herein can be effected, if desired, by any suitable separation or purification procedure such as, for example, filtration, extraction, crystallization, column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, thick-layer chromatography, preparative low or high-pressure liquid chromatography or a combination of these procedures. Specific illustrations of suitable separation and isolation procedures can be had by reference to the preparations and examples herein below. However, other equivalent separation or isolation procedures could, of course, also be used. Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of formula I can be separated using chiral HPLC. Racemic mixtures of chiral synthetic intermediates may also be separated using chiral HPLC.

Salts of Compounds of Formula I

In cases where the compounds of formula I are basic they may be converted to a corresponding acid addition salt. The conversion is accomplished by treatment with at least a stoichiometric amount of an appropriate acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid and the like. Typically, the free base is dissolved in an inert organic solvent such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol or methanol and the like, and the acid added in a similar solvent. The temperature is maintained between 0° C. and 50° C. The resulting salt precipitates spontaneously or may be brought out of solution with a less polar solvent.

Insofar as their preparation is not described in the examples, the compounds of formula I or formula P-L-C as well as all intermediate products can be prepared according to analogous methods or according to the methods set forth herein. Starting materials are commercially available, known in the art or can be prepared by methods known in the art or in analogy thereto.

It will be appreciated that the compounds of general formula I or formula P-L-C in this invention may be derivatised at functional groups to provide derivatives which are capable of conversion back to the parent compound in vivo.

Pharmacological Tests

The compounds of formula I or formula P-L-C and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts possess valuable pharmacological properties. The compounds were investigated in accordance with the test given hereinafter.

Dual Fluorescent Reporter Assay

In order to measure BRD4 protein abundance in a mammalian cell system at medium throughput, a dual fluorescent reporter system was developed based on a principle described in¹. Transient expression vectors were designed that contain the BRD4 coding sequence (NM_058243.2) fused to a fluorescent tag. Vectors were synthesized at ATUM (Newark, Calif., USA) using the pD2610 CMV backbone and were built up as follows: c-terminal version BRD4_eGFP—IRES—FresnoRFP_NLS, n-terminal version eGFP_BRD4—IRES—FresnoRFP_NLS, empty vector control eGFP—IRES—FresnoRFP_NLS. The c-terminal version was used for the reporter assays, as it presented with the best assay window. HEK293A cells (Invitrogen, Cat. No. R705-07) were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM L-Glutamine, 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin. Transfections of the plasmids were performed with Lipofectamine 2000 according to the manufacturer's protocol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA). 40 hours after transfection, cells were seeded at a density of 40,000/100 ul/96 well flat-bottom and 8 hours later treated with compounds (stocks 10 mM in DMSO) at a 10-point dilution ranging from 0-25 μM. After 16 hours of treatment, cells were washed with PBS, resuspended in Accumax solution (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. No. A7089) and analyzed by flow-cytometry (CytoFlex S, BeckmanCoulter). Single cells were gated based on their forward and side-scatter profiles and pulse-width was used to exclude doublets. A minimum of 20,000 cells was acquired per sample. Analysis was performed with the program Flow Jo V10.1 on BRD4-eGFP low/medium cells (<10⁶ FL1-A Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI)). A factor was derived to normalize BRD4-eGFP values to the RFP protein abundance control (20×FL1A-GFP/FL11A-RFP), then Median and Mode values were calculated and used for comparisons between treatment conditions.

Capillary-Based Immunoassays to Measure Endogenous BRD4 Levels

The biological activity of selected compounds (cut-off >20% reduction in BRD4-eGFP levels) was confirmed in an additional assay which allowed the quantification of endogenous BRD4 levels. To this end, HEK293A cells (origin and culture conditions see above) were seeded at 400,000/300 ul/48 well and were treated 6 hours later with compound concentrations as indicated for. 16 hours after the treatment, the cells were washed with PBS and lysed in 50 ul of UREA lysis buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 2% CHAPS, 7M UREA, 0.4% DTT), supplemented with 1×protease inhibitor cocktail (Complete Mini, Roche) and 1×phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (PhosSTOP, Sigma-Aldrich). Samples were then analyzed by Peggy Sue or WES capillary-based immunoassay systems according to the manufacturer's protocol (Protein Simple/Bio-Techne, San Jose, Calif., 95134 USA). Antibodies used were anti-BRD4 (Cell signaling, CST 13440 1:50) and anti-Vinculin (Sigma, V9131, 1:4000). To quantify BRD4 protein levels, the peak signal areas were normalized to the vinculin loading control and to the DMSO condition.

Further, please see Yen et al.⁷¹.

Fluorescence Direct Binding Protocol

Principle

Determination of the affinities of compounds to protein containing one or more tryptophan is measurable by monitoring the fluorescence emission in direct mode. The measurements depending on the protein available amounts are performed either manually in a cuvette on ISS-PC1 photon counting spectrofluorometer or automatically in well plates on a fluorescence plate reader device. Fluorescence titrations are performed at 20° C. in the chosen binding assay buffer by using a defined constant protein concentration against ligand concentration variations. Small aliquots of known ligand concentration solubilized in DMSO were added and the fluorescence, excited at 280 nm, was recorded at 340 nm. The fluorescence intensity was corrected for protein dilution and for the filter effect (Birdsall et al.⁷²). The corrected fluorescence intensity was plotted against the ligand concentration and fitted using a four-parameter sigmoidal function, from which the equilibrium dissociation constant Kd was computed using the law of mass action assuming a 1:1 protein-ligand complex (Eftink, 1997⁷³).

Process

1) Optimization of measurement parameters to minimize protein consumption and to minimize the dilution effect and the DMSO content

2) Titration measurements of the protein against ligand by at least 12 titration steps to obtain a good s-curve fit

3) Repeat the same titration measurements with the ligand alone to enable correction

4) Check the stability of the protein once by titration against DMSO alone

5) Determination of the molar extinction coefficients of the ligand at 280 and 340 nm with help of an UV-spectrophotometer

6) Use Excel template for the correction of the measured raw data

7) Use GraphPad Prism software for the quadratic binding fit and the K_(D) evaluation.

Experimental Details

TABLE 1 Protein - buffers, Reference compound: thalidomide, Contergan, Softenon Protein Batch # Cereblon_17_13 Construct name hCereblon(M1-L442)_hDDB1(M1-H1140) Concentration 2.54 mg/ml MW 180180 Da Molar extinction ε₂₈₀ = 165045 M⁻¹.cm⁻¹ coefficient Storage buffer 20 mM MES pH 6.5 200 mM NaCl 1 mM TCEP Assay buffer 50 mM Hepes 7.4 200 mM NaCl

TABLE 2 Settings Device ISS-PC1 Excitation wavelength [nm] 280 Emission wavelength [nm] 340 Cuvette Hellma 115F-QS Volume [μL] 500

Protein preparation:

TABLE 3 Protein preparation Volume Protein [μL] Volume buffer [μL] Protein concentration [M] 1.8 @ 2.54 mg/ml 498.2 50E−8

TABLE 4 Titration steps C Lig C Aliquot V Aliquot C Prot Dilution [M] [M] [μL] [M] factor     1E−10 1.0E−07 0.5 4.995E−08 1.001   1.1E−09 1.0E−06 0.5 4.990E−08 1.002   3.1E−09 1.0E−06 1 4.980E−08 1.004   5.1E−09 1.0E−06 1 4.970E−08 1.006   1.51E−08 1.0E−05 0.5 4.965E−08 1.007   2.51E−08 1.0E−05 0.5 4.960E−08 1.008   4.51E−08 1.0E−05 1 4.950E−08 1.01   6.51E−08 1.0E−05 1 4.941E−08 1.012  1.651E−07 1.0E−04 0.5 4.936E−08 1.013  3.651E−07 1.0E−04 1 4.926E−08 1.015  5.651E−07 1.0E−04 1 4.916E−08 1.017  7.651E−07 1.0E−04 1 4.907E−08 1.019  9.651E−07 1.0E−04 1 4.897E−08 1.021  1.9651E−06 1.0E−03 0.5 4.892E−08 1.022  2.9651E−06 1.0E−03 0.5 4.888E−08 1.023 1.29651E−05 1.0E−02 0.5 4.883E−08 1.024 2.29651E−05 1.0E−02 0.5 4.878E−08 1.025 4.29651E−05 1.0E−02 1 4.869E−08 1.027 6.29651E−05 1.0E−02 1 4.859E−08 1.029 8.29651E−05 1.0E−02 1 4.850E−08 1.031

TABLE 5 affinities of examples to protein Fluorescence h-Cereblon_DDB1 Mean Example Name Kd_EQ (gm) 1 N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-2-phenyl-acetamide 0.027 2 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide 0.655 3 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-2-propyl-isoindoline-1-carboxamide 0.057 4 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide, isomer A 0.068 5 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide, isomer B 0.197 6 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indane-1-carboxamide 0.146 7 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide 0.028 8 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-methyl-indole-3-carboxamide 0.030 9 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)indoline-1-carboxamide 0.002 10 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzamide 0.020 11 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)cyclopentanecarboxamide 0.012 12 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide 0.002 13 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)benzothiophene-3-carboxamide 0.008 14 (1R)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide 0.004 15 (1S)-N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)tetralin-1-carboxamide <0.001 16 N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-3- 0.003 carboxamide 17 N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide 0.014 18 N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxamide 0.014 19 N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H- 0.001 cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide 20 N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H- 0.003 cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide 21 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide 0.001 22 (N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H- <0.001 cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide 23 N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H- 0.025 cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide 24 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3- 0.009 carboxamide 25 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3- 0.023 carboxamide 26 (S)-N-((R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4- 0.006 tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide 27 (S)-N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4- 0.003 tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide 28 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline- 0.004 1(2H)-carboxamide 29 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H- <0.001 pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide 30 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8- 0.004 naphthyridine-1(2H)-carboxamide 31 N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide 0.005 32 (4S)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4- <0.001 tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide 33 (4R)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4- 0.006 tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide 34 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide 0.026 35 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline- 0.019 1(2H)-carboxamide 36 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H- 0.010 pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide 37 N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline- <0.001 4-carboxamide 38 N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H- 0.005 quinoline-4-carboxamide 39 N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline- 0.019 4-carboxamide 40 N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H- 0.068 quinoline-4-carboxamide 41 N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide 0.014 42 methyl (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1H- 0.018 indole-6-carboxylate 43 (4S)-N-((3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4- <0.001 tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide 44 (4R)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4- 0.012 tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide 45 (1R)-N-((3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4- 0.004 tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide 46 (1R)-N-((3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4- 0.039 tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide 47 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine- <0.001 3-carboxamide 48 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine- <0.001 3-carboxamide 49 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide <0.001 50 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3- 0.004 carboxamide 51 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3- 0.003 carboxamide 52 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indolizine-3-carboxamide 0.006 53 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indolizine-3-carboxamide 0.002 54 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3- 0.001 carboxamide 55 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3- <0.001 carboxamide 56 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 0.008 3-carboxamide 57 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine- 0.007 3-carboxamide 58 N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide 0.022 59 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide 0.020 60 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide 0.030 61 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3- 0.967 yl)acetamide 62 N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H- 0.029 pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide 63 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3- 0.019 yl)acetamide 64 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8- 0.641 naphthyridine-1(2H)-carboxamide 65 (S)-2-(4-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide 0.023 66 (R)-2-(4-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide 0.086 67 (R)-2-(3-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide 0.003 68 (S)-2-(3-acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide 0.060 69 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)acetamide 0.015 70 (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)acetamide 0.003 71 tert-butyl (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl- 0.004 1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate 72 (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- 0.194 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide 73 (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4- 0.028 tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide 74 (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4- 0.005 tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide, isomer A 75 (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4- 0.046 tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide, isomer B A (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3- 0.010 thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca- 2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N- [(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline- 4-carboxamide B (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl- 0.037 3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca- 2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N- [(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline- 4-carboxamide C (4R)-1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13- 0.008 trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca- 2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9- yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-N- [(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline- 4-carboxamide

Pharmaceutical Compositions

The compounds of formula I or formula P-L-C and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be used as therapeutically active substances, e.g. in the form of pharmaceutical preparations. The pharmaceutical preparations can be administered orally, e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragées, hard and soft gelatin capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions. The administration can, however, also be effected rectally, e.g. in the form of suppositories, or parenterally, e.g. in the form of injection solutions.

The compounds of formula I or formula P-L-C and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be processed with pharmaceutically inert, inorganic or organic carriers for the production of pharmaceutical preparations. Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acids or its salts and the like can be used, for example, as such carriers for tablets, coated tablets, dragées and hard gelatin capsules. Suitable carriers for soft gelatin capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid and liquid polyols and the like. Depending on the nature of the active substance no carriers are however usually required in the case of soft gelatin capsules. Suitable carriers for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oil and the like. Suitable carriers for suppositories are, for example, natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or liquid polyols and the like.

The pharmaceutical preparations can, moreover, contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances such as preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents or antioxidants. They can also contain still other therapeutically valuable substances.

Medicaments containing a compound of formula I or formula P-L-C or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a therapeutically inert carrier are also provided by the present invention, as is a process for their production, which comprises bringing one or more compounds of formula I and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and, if desired, one or more other therapeutically valuable substances into a galenical administration form together with one or more therapeutically inert carriers.

The dosage can vary within wide limits and will, of course, have to be adjusted to the individual requirements in each particular case. In the case of oral administration the dosage for adults can vary from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg per day of a compound of general formula I or of the corresponding amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The daily dosage may be administered as single dose or in divided doses and, in addition, the upper limit can also be exceeded when this is found to be indicated.

The following examples illustrate the present invention without limiting it, but serve merely as representative thereof. The pharmaceutical preparations conveniently contain about 1-500 mg, particularly 1-100 mg, of a compound of formula I or formula P-L-C. Examples of compositions according to the invention are:

Example A

Tablets of the following composition are manufactured in the usual manner:

TABLE 6 possible tablet composition mg/tablet ingredient 5 25 100 500 Compound of formula I or 5 25 100 500 formula P-L-C Lactose Anhydrous DTG 125 105 30 150 Sta-Rx 1500 6 6 6 60 Microcrystalline Cellulose 30 30 30 450 Magnesium Stearate 1 1 1 1 Total 167 167 167 831

Manufacturing Procedure

1. Mix ingredients 1, 2, 3 and 4 and granulate with purified water. 2. Dry the granules at 50° C. 3. Pass the granules through suitable milling equipment. 4. Add ingredient 5 and mix for three minutes; compress on a suitable press.

Example B-1

Capsules of the following composition are manufactured:

TABLE 7 possible capsule ingredient composition mg/capsule ingredient 5 25 100 500 Compound of formula I or 5 25 100 500 formula P-L-C Hydrous Lactose 159 123 148 — Corn Starch 25 35 40 70 Talk 10 15 10 25 Magnesium Stearate 1 2 2 5 Total 200 200 300 600

Manufacturing Procedure

1. Mix ingredients 1, 2 and 3 in a suitable mixer for 30 minutes. 2. Add ingredients 4 and 5 and mix for 3 minutes. 3. Fill into a suitable capsule.

The compound of formula I or formula P-L-C, lactose and corn starch are firstly mixed in a mixer and then in a comminuting machine. The mixture is returned to the mixer; the talc is added thereto and mixed thoroughly. The mixture is filled by machine into suitable capsules, e.g. hard gelatin capsules.

Example B-2

Soft Gelatin Capsules of the following composition are manufactured:

TABLE 8 possible soft gelatin capsule ingredient composition ingredient mg/capsule Compound of formula I or formula P-L-C 5 Yellow wax 8 Hydrogenated Soya bean oil 8 Partially hydrogenated plant oils 34 Soya bean oil 110 Total 165

TABLE 9 possible soft gelatin capsule composition ingredient mg/capsule Gelatin 75  Glycerol 85 % 32  Karion 83       8 (dry matter) Titan dioxide   0.4 Iron oxide yellow   1.1 Total 116.5

Manufacturing Procedure

The compound of formula I or formula P-L-C is dissolved in a warm melting of the other ingredients and the mixture is filled into soft gelatin capsules of appropriate size. The filled soft gelatin capsules are treated according to the usual procedures.

Example C

Suppositories of the following composition are manufactured:

TABLE 10 possible suppository composition ingredient mg/supp. Compound of formula I or 15 formula P-L-C Suppository mass 1285 Total 1300

Manufacturing Procedure

The suppository mass is melted in a glass or steel vessel, mixed thoroughly and cooled to 45° C. Thereupon, the finely powdered compound of formula I or formula P-L-C is added thereto and stirred until it has dispersed completely. The mixture is poured into suppository moulds of suitable size, left to cool; the suppositories are then removed from the moulds and packed individually in wax paper or metal foil.

Example D

Injection solutions of the following composition are manufactured:

TABLE 11 possible injection solution composition ingredient mg/injection solution. Compound of formula I or 3 formula P-L-C Polyethylene Glycol 400 150 acetic acid q.s. ad pH 5.0 water for injection solutions ad 1.0 ml

Manufacturing Procedure

The compound of formula I or formula P-L-C is dissolved in a mixture of Polyethylene Glycol 400 and water for injection (part). The pH is adjusted to 5.0 by addition of acetic acid. The volume is adjusted to 1.0 ml by addition of the residual amount of water. The solution is filtered, filled into vials using an appropriate overage and sterilized.

Example E

Sachets of the following composition are manufactured:

TABLE 12 possible sachet composition ingredient mg/sachet Compound of formula I or 50 formula P-L-C Lactose, fine powder 1015 Microcrystalline cellulose 1400 (AVICEL PH 102) Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 14 Polyvinylpyrrolidon K 30 10 Magnesium stearate 10 Flavoring additives 1 Total 2500

Manufacturing Procedure

The compound of formula I or formula P-L-C is mixed with lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and granulated with a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water. The granulate is mixed with magnesium stearate and the flavoring additives and filled into sachets.

Experimental Part

The following examples are provided for illustration of the invention. They should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention, but merely as being representative thereof. Example 1⁷⁴

(S)-N-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidinyl)benzeneacetamide

The title compound can be purchased.

Example 2 N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide (RACEMIC MIXTURE OF ALL DIASTEREOMERS)

To a stirred suspension of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ (100 mg), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (323 μl) and 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰ (86.9 mg) in DMF (1.5 ml) was added HATU (352 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The resulting yellow solution was directly purified by reversed phase HPLC to afford after lyophilisation N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide (RACEMIC MIXTURE OF ALL DIASTEREOMERS) as a white solid (168 mg, 66%). MS (ISP): 273.5 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 3 N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-propylisoindoline-1-carboxamide (RACEMIC MIXTURE OF ALL DIASTEREOMERS)

a) tert-Butyl 1-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-BOC-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole carboxylic acid⁷⁶ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵. White solid. MS (ISP): 372.4 ([M−H]⁻).

b) N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide Hydrochloride Salt

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 1-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)isoindoline-2-carboxylate (88 mg) in dichloromethane (2 ml) was added a 4 M solution of HCl in dioxane (884 μl). After stirring for 3 hours, the solvents were evaporated to dryness and diethyl ether was added to the residue. The suspension was sonicated, stirred at 0° C. for 15 min, then filtered to afford N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide hydrochloride salt as an off-white solid (72 mg, 99%). MS (ISP): 274.1 ([M+H]⁺).

c) N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-propylisoindoline-1-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1-carboxamide hydrochloride salt (63 mg), propionaldehyde⁷⁷ (22.2 μl), sodium acetate (16.7 mg) and zinc chloride (111 mg) in MeOH (1.2 ml) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (38.3 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was directly purified by reversed phase HPLC to afford N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-propylisoindoline-1-carboxamide as an white solid (31 mg, 48%). MS (ISP): 316.0 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 4 (−)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 1)

The diastereomers of N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide from example 2 (95 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (70:30), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (−)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 1) (17 mg, white solid), retention time=36.1 min. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 5 (+)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 2)

The diastereomers of N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide from example 2 (95 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (70:30), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (+)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 2) (15 mg, white solid), retention time=45 min. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 6 N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide (EPIMERS 3 & 4)

The diastereomers of N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide from example 2 (95 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (70:30), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford a mixture of two epimers of N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 3 & 4) (28 mg, white solid), retention time=63.3 min, MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 7⁷⁸ N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide

The title compound can be purchased.

Example 8⁷⁹ N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide

The title compound can be purchased.

Example 9 N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indoline-1-carboxamide

To a stirred suspension of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰ (199 mg) and triethylamine (433 μl) in dichloroethane (12 ml) in a sealed tube was added triphosgene (170 mg) at 0-5° C. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, indoline⁸⁰ (185 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Some drops of water were added to quench the reaction then the solvent was evaporated to dryness and the residue was purified by reversed phase HPLC (Gemini NX C18, 12 nm, 5, 100×30 mm, 40 ml/min, CH₃CN/H₂O+formic acid) to afford, after lyophilisation, N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indoline-1-carboxamide as a yellow solid (24 mg, 6%). MS (ISP): 274.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 10⁸¹ N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzamide

The title compound can be purchased.

Example 11⁸² N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)cyclopentanecarboxamide

The title compound can be purchased.

Example 12⁸³ N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide

The title compound can be purchased.

Example 13⁸⁴ N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide

The title compound can be purchased.

Example 14 (1R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthoic acid⁸⁵ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵. White solid. MS (ISP): 287 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 15 (1S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthoic acid⁸⁶ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵. White solid. MS (ISP): 287 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 16 N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid⁸⁷ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and 3-(methylamino)piperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁵ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. Light blue solid. MS (ISP): 286.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 17

(S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid⁸⁷ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 272.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 18 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid⁸⁷ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP):272.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 19 N-((S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid⁸⁸ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 274.3 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 20 N-((R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid⁸⁸ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 274.3 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 21 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 22 (N-((R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 274.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 23 N-((S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-7-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 274.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 24 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid⁸⁹ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 289.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 25 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid⁸⁹ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 289.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 26 (S)-N-((R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthoic acid⁸⁶ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 287.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 27 (S)-N-((S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthoic acid in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 287.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 28 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide

To a stirred suspension of (S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² (100 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.5 ml) was added 1,1′-carbonyl-di-(1H-imidazole) (128 mg) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline⁹⁰ (125 mg) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 3 hours and was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by reversed phase HPLC to afford (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide as a white solid (68 mg, 39%). MS (ISP): 288 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 29 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 28 using 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine⁹¹ in place of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline⁹⁰. Yellow solid. MS (ISP): 275 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 30 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-1 (2H)-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 28 using 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridine⁹² in place of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline⁹⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 289.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 31 N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-chromane-4-carboxylic acid⁹³ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 289.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 32 (4S)-N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide

a) N-((S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid⁹⁴ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 288.3 ([M+H]⁺).

b) (4S)-N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide

The epimers of N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (160 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) affording (4S)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (57 mg, white solid), retention time=49 min. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 33 (4R)-N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide

The epimers of N-((S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (160 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) affording (4R)-N-[(3S)-2,6-doxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (35 mg, white solid), retention time=58 min. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 34 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid⁹⁵ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 35 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 28 using (R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of (S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶². White solid. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 36 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 28 using 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine⁹¹ in place of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline⁹⁰ and (R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of (S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶². White solid. MS (ISP): 275.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 37 N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (1:1 MIXTURE OF EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid⁹⁴ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 288.3 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 38 N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide (1:1 MIXTURE OF EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid⁹⁶ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 302.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 39 N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (1:1 MIXTURE OF EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid⁹⁴ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 288.3 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 40 N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide (1:1 MIXTURE OF EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid⁹⁶ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. Light red solid. MS (ISP): 302.3 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 41 N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl]chromane-4-carboxamide (1:1 MIXTURE OF EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-chromane-4-carboxylic acid⁹⁷ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. Light red solid. MS (ISP): 289.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 42 Methyl (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxylate

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 6-methoxycarbonyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid⁹⁸ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 330.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 43 (4S)-N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide

a) N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid⁹⁴ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 288.3 ([M+H]⁺).

b) (4S)-N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide

The epimers of N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (110 mg) from step a were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (4S)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (32 mg, white solid), retention time=39 min. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 44 (4R)-N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide

The epimers of N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (110 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (4R)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (37 mg, white solid), retention time=53 min. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 45 (1R)-N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide

a) N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid⁹⁹ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 287.1 ([M+H]⁺).

b) (1R)-N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide

The epimers of N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (250 mg) from step a were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (1R)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (48 mg, white solid), retention time=43 min. MS (ISP): 287.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 46 (1R)-N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide

a) N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid⁹⁹ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 287.2 ([M+H]⁺).

b) (1R)-N-[(3S)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide

The epimers of N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (210 mg) from step a were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (1R)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (39 mg, white solid), retention time=44 min. MS (ISP): 287.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 47 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰⁰ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 48 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰⁰ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 49 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰¹ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 50 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰² in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 51 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰² in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 52 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indolizine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using indolizine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰³ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 272.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 53 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)indolizine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using indolizine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰³ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 272.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 54 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰⁴ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 55 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰⁴ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 273.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 56 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰⁵ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 274.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 57 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid¹⁰⁵ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 274.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 58 N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 9 using 3-(methylamino)piperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁵ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. Off-white solid. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 59 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide

The epimers of N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide (120 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide (56 mg, off-white solid), retention time=12.4 min. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 60 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide

The epimers of N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide (120 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (R)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methylindoline-1-carboxamide (52 mg, off-white solid), retention time=15.4 min. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 61 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid¹⁰⁶ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶¹ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 248.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 62 N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 9 using 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine⁹¹ in place of indoline and 3-(methylamino)piperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁵ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. Yellow solid. MS (ISP): 289.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 63 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid¹⁰⁶ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶³ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. Off-white solid. MS (ISP): 248.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 64 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-1(2H)-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 9 using 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridine⁹² in place of indoline and (R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶³ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 289.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 65 (S)-2-(4-Acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 2-(4-acetamidophenyl)acetic acid¹⁰⁷ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶¹ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 304.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 66 (R)-2-(4-Acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 2-(4-acetamidophenyl)acetic acid¹⁰⁷ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶³ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. Off-white solid. MS (ISP): 304.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 67 (R)-2-(3-Acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 2-(3-acetamidophenyl)acetic acid¹⁰⁸ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶³ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 304.2 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 68 (S)-2-(3-Acetamidophenyl)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)acetamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 2-(3-acetamidophenyl)acetic acid¹⁰⁸ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶¹ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 304.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 69 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)acetamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 2-(2-oxoindolin-6-yl)acetic acid¹⁰⁹ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶¹ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 302.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 70 (R)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxoindolin-5-yl)acetamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using 2-(2-oxoindolin-6-yl)acetic acid¹⁰⁹ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶³ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 302.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 71 tert-Butyl (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate

To a mixture of (S)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶² (54 mg) and 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid¹¹⁰ (102 mg) were added a solution of HATU in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.1 ml, 0.358 M) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (170 mg). The reaction mixture was shaken at 25° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between water and a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate/THF. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by preparative HPLC followed by lyophilisation to afford tert-butyl (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (116 mg, 90.3%) as a white solid. MS (ISP): 392.4 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 72 (S)-N-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S)-3-((2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (110 mg) in ethyl acetate (1 ml) was added a solution of 4 M HCl in dioxane (0.5 ml) The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 hours. The product was then collected by filtration, washed with ethyl acetate, and dried to afford (S)-N-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide (51 mg, 62.3%) as a white solid. MS (ISP): 292.3 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 73 (1S)-N-(1-Methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (1:1 MIXTURE OF EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthoic acid in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and 3-amino-1-methylpiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride¹¹¹ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰ White solid. MS (EI): 300.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 74 (1S)-N-(1-Methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 1)

The epimers of (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (118 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (70:30), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 1) (29 mg, white solid), retention time=37 min. MS (EI): 300.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example -75 (1S)-N-(1-Methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 2)

The epimers of (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (118 mg) were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (70:30), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (1S)-N-(1-methyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-carboxamide (EPIMER 1) (29 mg, white solid), retention time=41 min. MS (EI): 300.1 ([M+H]⁺).

Example A (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide

a) tert-Butyl N-[6-[(4S)-4-[[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]-6-oxohexyl]carbamate

To a stirred solution of 6-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid¹¹² (19.5 mg) in dichloromethane (0.4 ml) was added 1-chloro-N,N,2-trimethylpropenylamine (12.2 μl) at 0° C. After stirring for 20 min at room temperature, a solution of (4S)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (22 mg, example 32) in dichloromethane (0.2 ml) was added dropwise followed by dropwise addition of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (33.4 μl). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and THF. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 4 g, eluent: 0 to 5% of methanol in dichloromethane) to afford tert-butyl N-[6-[(4S)-4-[[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1 (2H)-yl]-6-oxohexyl]carbamate (36 mg, 94%) as an amorphous colourless solid. MS (ISP): 499.3 ([M+H]⁺).

b) (4S)-1-(6-Aminohexanoyl)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide Hydrochloride Salt

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl N-[6-[(4S)-4-[[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]-6-oxohexyl]carbamate (33 mg) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was added a 4 M solution of HCl in dioxane (412 μl). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and was then evaporated to dryness. The residue was suspended in diethyl ether, sonicated, and filtered to afford (4S)-1-(6-aminohexanoyl)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide hydrochloride salt (13 mg, 45%) which was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ISP): 401.3 ([M+H]⁺).

c) (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of (S)-2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetic acid⁶⁸ (13.1 mg), (4S)-1-(6-aminohexanoyl)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide hydrochloride salt (13.0 mg) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (20.8 μl) in DMF (0.5 ml) was added HATU (17 mg). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate/THF and washed successively with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 4 g, eluent: 0 to 10% of methanol in dichloromethane) to afford (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide (15 mg, 64%) as a white solid. MS (ISP): 783.3 ([M+H]⁺).

Example B (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide

a) N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (MIXTURE OF 2 EPIMERS)

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example 2 using (RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid⁹⁴ in place of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid⁷⁵ and (3R)-3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride⁶⁴ in place of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione⁶⁰. White solid. MS (ISP): 288.3 ([M+H]⁺).

b) (4S)-N-[(3R)-2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide

The epimers of N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (110 mg) from step a were separated using chiral HPLC (column: Reprosil Chiral-NR, eluent: heptane/ethanol+NH₄OAc (60:40), pressure: 18 bar; flow rate: 35 ml/min) to afford (4S)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (32 mg, white solid), retention time=39 min. MS (ISP): 288.1 ([M+H]⁺).

c) tert-Butyl N-[6-[(4S)-4-[[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]-6-oxohexyl]carbamate

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example A using (4S)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide in place of (45)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide in step a. Amorphous colourless solid. MS (ISP): 501.3 ([M+H]⁺).

d) (4S)-1-(6-Aminohexanoyl)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide Hydrochloride Salt

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example A using tert-butyl N-[6-[(4S)-4-[[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]-6-oxohexyl]carbamate in place of tert-butyl N-[6-[(45)-4-[[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]-6-oxohexyl]carbamate in step b. White solid. MS (ISP): 401.2 ([M+H]⁺).

e) (4S)-1-[6-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-18,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example A using (4S)-1-(6-aminohexanoyl)-N-[(3R)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide hydrochloride salt in place (4S)-1-(6-aminohexanoyl)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide hydrochloride salt in step c. White solid. MS (ISP): 781.4 ([M+H]⁺).

Example C (4R)-1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide

a) tert-Butyl N-[2-[2-[2-[2-[(4R)-4-[[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxyl]ethoxy]ethyl]carbamate

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example A using (4R)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide (example 33) in place of (4S)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carboxamide and 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,8,11,14-tetraoxa-5-azahexadecan-16-oic acid¹¹³ in place of 6-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid in step a. Light yellow foam. MS (ISP): 577.5 ([M+H]⁺).

b) (4R)-1-[2-[2-[2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide Hydrochloride Salt

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example A using tert-butyl N-[2-[2-[2-[2-[(4R)-4-[[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]carbamate in place of tert-butyl N-[6-[(4S)-4-[[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]-6-oxohexyl]carbamate in step b. Light yellow solid. MS (ISP): 477.4 ([M+H]⁺).

c) (4R)-1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide

The title compound was obtained in analogy to example A using (4R)-1-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide hydrochloride salt in place of (45)-1-(6-aminohexanoyl)-N-[(3S)-2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-4-carboxamide hydrochloride salt in step c. White solid. MS (ISP): 859.4 ([M+H]⁺).

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

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We claim:
 1. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆alkyl; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 1H-indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, chromanyl, indanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, and tetralinyl; and n is 0 or
 1. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R² is hydrogen.
 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R² is methyl.
 4. The compound of claim 1 wherein n is
 0. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein n is
 1. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹ is selected from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 1H-indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, and 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinyl.
 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹ is selected from benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, chromanyl, indanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, and tetralinyl.
 8. The compound of claim 1 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 9. The compound of claim 1 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 10. The compound of claim 1 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 11. The compound of claim 1 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 12. The compound of claim 1 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 13. The compound of claim 1 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 14. The compound of claim 1 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 15. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 16. The compound of claim 15 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 17. The compound of claim 15 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 18. The compound of claim 15 of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 19. The compound of claim 15 of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.


20. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 1 optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 15 optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 20 optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 